MWehl;L Ntshsu; tuyhW!
MWehl;L Ntshsu;fshfpa ekf;F Mjp Cu; rpjk;guk;> rpjk;guk; fp.K. Mwhk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;dNu Gfo;ngw;W ,d;Wtiu xspNahL tpsq;Fk; Nfhapiy cilaJ. rpjk;guk; flw;fiuapypUe;J 10 fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. rpjk;guk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 5 kPl;lu; cauj;jpy; cs;sJ. rpjk;guk; 1873 Kjy; xNu tl;lj;jpd; jiyefuhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. rpjk;guk; efuhz;ikf; fofk; 1886y; Vw;gl;lJ. rpjk;guk;> flY}u; Mfpa ,U tl;lq;fSk; mlq;fpa xU Nfhl;l Ml;rpapd; jiyefuk; rpjk;guk; MFk;. MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fspd; tuyhw;iw MuhAk;NghJ> jpUr;rp jpUthidf;fhty;> ekJ rj;jpuj;jpypUf;Fk; ,uz;L nrg;NgLfs; Kf;fpakhd jlakhff ,Uf;fpwJ. ,r;nrg;NgLfs; thrpf;fg;gLk; NghJ fPo;f;fz;lit GydhfpwJ.
1. nrg;NgLfs; vOjg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. gpupjptpuh[;ak; fhyk;.
2. nrg;NgLfspy; ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; ekf;nfd;W Xu; kid thq;fp> klk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ rpjk;guj;jpy;.
3. nrg;NgLfspy;> MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fs; vd rhjp ngau; $wp 36 Nfhj;jpuq;fs; epu;zapj;jpUg;gJ.
4. jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiwfis epu;zapj;jpUg;gJ.
5. MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fSf;fhd MW ehLfs; Fwpg;gpl;bUg;gJ. nrg;NgLfs; jtpu;j;J kw;w jlaq;fs;.
6. rpjk;guk;> G+Nfhs tiuglk;> tiuglj;jpy; ,uz;L fpuhkq;fs; ,Ug;gJ.
7. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp [py;yh G+Nfhs tiuglk;.
8. jpUr;rp [py;yhtpypUf;Fk;. nfhy;yp kiyj; njhlu;r;rp G+Nfhs tiuglk;.
nrg;NgLfs;
1. nrg;NgLfs; vOjg;gl;lJ gpUjptpuh[;af; fhyk; vdf; $wg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. MfNt gpUjptpuh[; fhyj;ij MuhAk;NghJ> gpUjptpuh[u; fp.gp. 1141 Mk; Mz;L gpwe;jJ> tsu;e;jJ> uh[;aj;ij Mz;L> ,we;j fhyk; fp.gp 1192. vdNt gpUjptp uh[;a fhyj;ij gd;dpuz;lhk; Ew;whz;L vdyhk;. gd;dpnuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; Nrho khkd;dd; ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; fp.gp. 1146- 1182 tiu rpjk;guj;ijAk; jpUr;rpiaAk; Mz;lhu; vd rupj;jpuk; $WfpwJ.
2. nrg;NgLfspy; $Wfpwgb MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by;> rpjk;guk; vd;fpw Cupy;> ek;ktu;> $Ltjw;F jq;Ftjw;F vd Xu; kid thq;fp mk;kidapy; Xu; klk;> rj;jpuk; fl;bapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
3. nrg;NgLfs; $w;Wg;gb gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by;> rpjk;guj;jpy;> MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs;> jq;fstu;fis> Kg;gj;jp MW Nfhj;jpuf;fhuu;fshf tFj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;. tFj;jikf;F rhl;rpahf> rpjk;guk; Nfhtpy; epu;thf];ju;> eapdhu; gz;lhuk; mtu;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; Kg;gj;jhW Nfhj;jpuq;fspd; Nfhj;jpuf;fhuu;fs; Nfhj;jpuf;fhuu; fspd; jiytu; xUtuhy; ifaaOj;jpl;b Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mjd; gb xt;nthU Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; ngaupd; gpd;dhy; ifaaOj;J vd nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Kg;gj;jhW Nfhj;jpuq;fs; tptuk;.
| vJkYil ey;yjk;gp vOj;J | ghtYila rf;fputu;j;jp vOj;J | Kbnfhz;l Ntshsu; vOj;J |
|---|---|---|
| khdtpOk;gj;jiuad; nghd;dhd; vOj;J | rpyrq;Filahd; vOj;J | NfhDilahd; vOj;J |
| njj;Jkq;fyKilahd; vOj;J | Nekq;Filahd; vOj;J | $j;Jilahd; vOj;J |
| rzkq;fy kq;fhk fhj;jhndOj;J | fsg;ghshd; vOj;J | tstjpiu ey;yjk;gp vOj;J |
| Myf;Filah ndOj;J | KUf;fj;Jilahd; vOj;J | nfhd;df;Filahd; vOj;J |
| ngUtYilah ndOj;J | Fsf;fhdj;Jilahd; vOj;J | Ntshsu; gidahz;lhu; vOj;J |
| rka ke;jpup vOj;J | fy;yf;Filahd; vOj;J | tpy;tuhad; vOj;J |
| ghu;gYilah vOj;J | Njtq;Filahd; vOj;J | faj;Jilahd; vOj;J |
| G+z;bYilahd; vOj;J | khj;Jilahd; vOj;J | Njtpkq;fyk; Ntshsu; vOj;J |
| kpul;Lilahd | rptJilahd; vOj;J | fd;dq;Filahd; vOj;J |
| vJkYil ey;yjk;gp vOj;J | ghr;R+u; ehL tpOk;gj;jpiuad; vOj;J | ghtYilahd; vOj;J |
| khdtpOk;gj;jiuad; nghd;dhd; vOj;J | rhj;Jilahd; vOj;J | ey;Yilahd; vOj;J (fdf rig jTj;juhad; m];j tpfpjk;) |
nrg;NgL thrfq;fis Nehf;Fk;NghJ. MWehl;L Ntshsu; vd xU Fyk; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; jhd; Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wJ. vd Cu;[pjg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ> gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd; MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; rhjhuz Ntshsu;fshf tho;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rupj;jpu VLfspy; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;Lf;FKd; Ntshsu; vd;W kl;LNk Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
Nf];l; mz;L l;iug; vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; nfhq;F Ntshsu;> nkhl;il Ntshsu;> vd gy Ntshsu; gpupTfis $WfpwJ. Mdhy; Gj;jfk; 1901k; tUlk;jhd; mr;rplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Gj;jfj;jpy; Mrpupau; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;tuyhWfis $WfpwhNu jtpu 12k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd; tuyhWfisf; $wtpy;iy. MfNt Nthshsu;fspd; cl;gpupTfs; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whl;by;jhd; Vw;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdj; Njhd;WfpwJ. nfhq;F ehl;L Ntshsu;fl;Fk; MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fl;Fk; epyTfpw fyhr;rhuk; xNu khjupahf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; rpjk;guk;> eluh[u; Myaj;jpy; eapdhu gz;lhuj;jpd; Kd; rhjp vLj;j fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dNkNa nfhq;F Ntshsu;fs; vd;W ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. fyhr;rhuj;ij MuhAk;NghJ MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fs;> nfhq;F ehl;L Ntshsu;fspd; ,Ue;J Vw;gl;l cl;gpupthf ,Uf;fyhk;. nfhq;F ehl;L NtshsUk;> MWehl;L NtshsUk; Mf ,UtUk; fTz;lu;fNs.
4. nrg;NgLfspd; $w;Wg;gb. MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fs;> jq;fis 36 Nfhj;jpuq;fshf tUj;Jf;nfhz;L mj;ij kfd; khkd; kfisAk;> fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xNu Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; kzkfidAk; kzkfisAk; Nju;e;njLf;$lhJ. tpthfk; nra;af;$lhJ. mf;fhs; kfis jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ. mj;ij> khkd; gps;isfs; Cdkhap Ue;jhYk; fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;G:
1. nkhl;Lilahd; (v) nfhw;Wilahd; Nfhj;jpuk; midj;J Nfhj;jpu nghWg;ghsh;fshy; 37 - tJ Nfhj;jpukhf Vw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2. MW ehl;L Ntshsu; Fy jpUkzk; Mfhj ,isQu;fs; ,r;nrg;Ngl;by; $wpAs;sgb jtwhky; mj;ij kfd;> khkd; kfisAk;> khkd; kfd; mj;ij kfisAk;> rpwpNjDk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,y;yhky;> jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; MW ehl;L Ntshsu; Fyj;jpy; fy;ahzk; Mfhky; ngz;fs; gpd;jq;f khl;lhu;fs;. vdNt ek; MWehl;L Ntshsu; Fy jpUkzkhfhj thypgu;fs; ek; Kd;Ndhu;fspd; nrg;NgL Ntz;Ljy;gb jpUkzk; nra;jy; eyk;.
1. jpUg;gilA+u; ehL
4. Nky; ts;Stg;g ehL
2. ghr;R+u; Fwl;Lg;gj;J ehL
5. fupfhy ehL
3. fPo;ts;Stg;g ehL
6. M%u; ehL
rpjk;guk; mf;fhyj;ija G+Nfhsg; glj;ij cw;W Nehf;fpdPu;fshdhy; ,uz;L Cu;fs; Mq;fpNyaupd; khw;W cr;rupg;Gld; fhzyhk;. mitahtd:
1. fPo;ts;Stg;g ehL Mq;fpNyau; cr;rupg;Gg;gb fPo; Etk;gl;L
2. Nky ts;Stg;g ehL Mq;fpNyau; cr;rupg;Gg;gb Nky Etk;gl;L jQ;rhT+upYs;s E}yf mYtyu; jpU. ngUkhs; mtu;fs; Nkw;$wg;gl;bUg;gJ rup vd Cfpf;fpwhu;. NkYk; mtu;jhd; jkpo;ehl;L G+Nfhsg; glq;fs; ru;Nt gpshd;fs; midj;Jf;Fk; nghWg;ghsu;. jpUr;rp [py;yh G+Nfhsg; glj;ijAk; jpUr;rp [py;yhitr; Nru;e;j nfhy;ypkiy tl; lhuj;ijAk; cw;W ftdpj;jPu;fshdhy; G+Nfhsg; glj;jpy; rpjk;guk; nrg;Ngl;by; $wpab fPo ts;Stg;g ehLk;. Nky ts;Stg;g ehLk; cs;sd. nrg;Ngl;by; $wg;gl;l ve;j xU CUk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. rp jk;guk; G+Nfhsg;glj;jpy;> nrg;Ngl;by; $wpagb ,U Cu;fs; cs;sd. kw;w ehd;F Cu;fSk; kpfr; rp wpadthf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; G+Nfhsg; glj;jpy; mr;rplg;gltpy;iy NghYk;.
md;Gs;s cwtpdu;fNs jlaq;fis itj;Jk;> rupj;jpuq;fis Muha;e;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJ fPo;f;fz;l Kbit rku;g;gpf;fpNwd;.
1. MWehl;L Ntshsu;fspd; Mjp Cu; rpjk;guk;.
2. MWehl;L Ntshsu; vd;w rhjp 1170- 1192k; Mz;Lfspd; ,ilNa Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
3. MWehl;LNthsu; Fyj;jpdu; rpjk;guj;ijtpl;L jpUr;rpf;F 1700- 1800 ,ilNaahd tUlq;fspy; FbNawpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
4.MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; rpjk;guj;jpypUe;J jpUr;rp te;jgpd; Kjyhtjhf 1876y; jhd; epyk; thq;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs; vd jlaq;fs; cs;sd. Mf Nkw;fz;l cWjpahd Mjhuq;fspd; Jiznfhz;L MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; fp.gp. gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;Ng rpjk;guj;jpy; trpj;J tho;e;J te;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;Wk;> gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; jkf;nfd;W xU klj;ijAk; / rj;jpuj;ijAk; ];jhgpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vdTk; Gyg;gLfpwJ.
rpjk;guj;jpypUe;J jpUr;rp [py;yhtpw;F MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; te;jNjd;?
1. ,e;jpa rupj;jpu tuyhw;iw MuhAk; NghJ> Mq;fpNyau; ,e;jpahitf; ifg;gw;wpa fhyk;tiu ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gy Cu; muru;fs; xUtUf; nfhUtu; mbf;fb ehl;ilg;gpbf;Fk; Mirapy; Aj;jk; nra;J> ehNl epk;kjpapy;yhkypUe;jpUf;fpwJ. Fwpg;ghf tlf;fpypUe;J K];yPk; muru;fs; njd;dhl;bl; bYs;s Nfhapy;fspy; cs;s jq;fk;> ituk; Nghd;w nry;tq;fisf; nfhs;isabf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; mbf; fb> fly; topahfTk;> MWfs; topahfTk; te;J nfhs;is mbj;J nrd;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
2. Aj;jjpw;Fk;> nfhs;ismbf;ftUk;gjp uspfisr; rkhspg;gjw;Fk;> njd;dhl;bYs;s muru;fs;. jq;fs; gilfspYs;s Nghu; tPuu;fs; kbAk;NghJ> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Nghu;g;gilf;fhd tPuu;fis jpul;bapUf;fpwhu;fs;. tPuu;fis jpul;Lk;NghJ tPl;Lf;F xUtu;> ,Utu; vd jpul;bapUf;fpwhu;fs;. ,jdhy; gy FLk;gq;fspy; epk;kjpNa ,y;iy.
3. rpjk;guk; tl;lj;jpy; fly; 10 fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; ,Ug;gjhYk;> rpjk;guk; CNl MW XLtjhYk; ,];yhkpag;gilfs; mbf;fb ,tw;wpd; topNa te;J Nfhapy;fis nfhs;isabj;Jk;> vjpu;gl; ltu;fisf; nfhd;W nfhLikfs; gy nra;jdu;.
4.,k;khjpupahd re;ju;g;gq;fspd; NghJ MWehl;L Ntshsu; r%fj;jpdu;fs; ngupJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L epk;kjpapd;wp tho;e;J te;jdu;.
5.fly; mUfhikapYk; MWfs; XLk; rkPgj;jpYk; tho;e;J te;jhy; ekf;F f\;lKk; e\;lKk; vd;W epidj;J xUkdjhf ngupatu;fs; fly;> MW ,y;yhj Nkl;Lg;gFjpfspy; FbNaw Ntz;Lk;; mg;NghJjhd; epk;kjpahapUf;fyhk; vd jpUr;rp [py;yhit Nju;e;njLj;jdu;.
6. MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; 12k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;Ng rpjk;guj;jpy; tho;e;J te;jdu;. vt;tsT fhyk; vd;gJ rupj;jpu Muha;r;rpapy; ngw Kbatpy;iy.
7. MWehl;L Ntshsu; Fyj;jpdu; rpwpJ rpwpjhf 17k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J 18k; E}w;whz;bw;Fs; jpUr;rp [py;yhtpw;F tUif je;J mtutu;fs; tpUk;gpa Cu;fspy; jq;fp tUfpd;wdu;. jpUr;rp [py;yhtpy; 18k; ehw;whz;by; MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fs; epyj;ij fpuak; nra;jjw;F Nghjpa rhd;Wfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
MWehl;L Ntshsu;fisg;gw;wp
rupj;jpuk; $WtJ:
8. rpjk;guj;jpy; trpj;J te;J MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs;. kpfTk; nfsutkhfTk; Rje;jpukhfTk; gpwuplk; fld; thq;fhkYk; coTj; njhopy; xd;iwNa nra;Jk; tho;e;Jk; te;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. (Mjhuk;)
9. Mq;fpNyauhd vOj;jhsu; xUtu; $Wfpwhu;. Ntshsu; r%fj;jpdu; kpfTk; kjpf;fg;gl;L nfsutpf;fg;gl Ntz;batu;fs;. ,r;r%fj;jpdu; kpfTk; Neu;ikahdtu;fshfTk; ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk; ,Ug;gtu;fs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf jQ;rhT+u; kfhuh[h jd; gpwe;j ehsd;W jdJ vilf;F vil jq;ff; fl;bfis epWit nra;tjw;F xU nts;shsiuNa Nju;e;njLj;jhuhk;. mjd;gpd; kJiuia Mz;l muru; NrhkRe;ju ghz;bau;. jdJ KbR+l;L tpohtpd; NghJ> ahu; Kbia uh[h jiyapy; R+LtJ vdg; gw;gy MNyhridf;Fg;gpd;> xU Ntshsu;jhd; cfe;jtu; vd KbT nra;J xU nts;shsiuNa KbR+lr; nra;jhuhk;.
10. Ntshsu; rkhjhdj;ijNa vg;NghJk; tpUk;Ggtu;. ney; kw;Wk; jhdpaq;fs; Kjypaitfis tptrhak; nra;tjpy; cyfj;jpNyNa ,tu;fSf;F rkkhdtu;fs; ,y;iy. Ntshsu; nghUs; cw;gj;jpapYk; ifNju;e;jtu;fs;. (Mjhuk;) Ntshsu;fs; jq;fisf; fTz;lu;fs; vd mioj;Jf; nfhs;tu;. kpfTk; rpf;fdkhdtu;fs; vd 372k; gf;f j;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Ntshsu;fs; mjpfkhf Nrhokz;lyk; jQ;rhT+u;> jpUr;rp [py;yhtpy; trp f;fpwhu;fs;. ,tu;fs; jq;fis gps;is vd;Wk; mioj;Jr; nfhs;fpd;wdu; vd Mq;fpNya vOj;jhsu; vOJfpwhu;.
11. Mjpfhyj;jpy; Ntisu; r%fk; vd;Wjhd; toq;fp te;jJ vd Mq;fpNyNa vOj;jhsu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. cw;W MuhAk;NghJ MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; r%fk;> nfhq;F nts;shsu; r%fj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wpa cl;gpupTjhd; vd Gyg;gLfpwJ. nfhq;F ehl;L Ntshsu;fSk; MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fSk; xNu tpjkhd fyhr;rhuj;ijj;jhd; filg;gpbf;fpwhu;fs;.
12. Mq;fpNyNa vOj;jhsu; $Wfpwhu;. cl;gpupthd Ntshsu;fs; jiy cr;rpapy; KbNghl;l FLkp itj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. ,tu;fs; Nky;ehL> fPo; ehL vd jq;fis gpupj;Jf;nfhz;L jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp [py;yhtpNy trpf;fpwhu;fs;.
13. MW ehl;L Ntshsu; vdg;gLgtu; nkhl;il nts;shsu; vdTk; miof;fg;gLtu;. kPiria vLj;J tpLtjhy; nkhl;il vd miof;fg;gl;ldu;. ,tu;fs; jiy cr;rpapy; Kbia Kbr;R Nghl;bUg;ghu;fs;. nkhl;il nts;shsu;fs; mf;fhs; kfis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s khl;lhu;fs;. jpUkzj;jpd;NghJ jhyp mzptpg;ghu;fs;. MW ehl;L Ntshsu;fspd; MW ehLfspy; %d;W ehLfs; ma;ahw;Wf;F ,U gf;fq;fspYk; cs;sd. mit NrUb ehL> ehkf;fy; jhYf;fh> Xkhe;J}u; ehL.
14. Mq;fpNyau;fs; 18k; E}w;whz;by; ,e;jpah te;jikahYk; mtu;fSila Muha;r;rp 19k; E}w;whz;by; nra;jpUg;gjhYk;. MWehl;L Ntshsiug; gw;wp Muha;r;rpfs; G+uzkhf vOjg;gl Kbatpy;iy. MdhYk; Muha;r;rpg;gb 12k; E}w;whz;by; rpjk;guj;jpy; klk;fl;b> Kd;Ndhu;fs; MWehl;L Ntshsu; vd Xu; cl;gpupit Vw;gLj;jpdu;. 17k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J 18k; E}w;whz;L tiu jpUr;rp> Nryk;> ehkf;fy; tl;lhuj;jpy; FbNawpdu; vd;gJ tuyhW.
15. MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs; tuyhw;wpid jQ;rhT+u; kfhuh[h ruNgh[p ru];tjp k`hy; E}yfrig> jpUr;rp mz;zh gts tpoh fl;bl E}yfq;fs;> nrd;id fd;dpkhuh E}yfq;fs; Mfpa E}yfq;fspypUe;j jpUthidf;Nfhtpy; MWehl;L Gj;jf;fq;fspypUe;J Ntshsu; rj;jpuj;jpypUf;Fk; ,uz;L nrg;NgL fspypUe;Jk; mwpe;J vOjpapUf;fpNwd;.
jfty; : ek; jiyikr;rq;fj;jpy; cs;s nrg;Gg;gl;lak;
MWehl;L Ntshsu; mspj;j> rpjk;guk; nrg;Ngl;Lr; rhrdk; $Wk; nra;jp:
,uz;L nrg;Ngl;Lr; rhrdk;> mt;tpU VLfspd; ,UGwq;fspYk; vOjg;gl;L jpfo;fpd;wJ. Kjy; Vl;bd; Kd; gFjpapy; cs;s....
“R+upad; cUtj;jpd; mUNf mUs;kpF rptypq;fKk;> epd;w Nfhy mUs;kpF ckhNjtpapd; cUtKk;> mLj;J eLNt ];uP eluh[g; ngUkhDk; mUNf rptfhkRe;jupapd; epd;w Nfhy tbtKk;> mLj;J re;jpudpd; cUtKk;” tiu Nfhl;L Xtpaq;fshf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
];t];jp];uP vd;w kq;fyr; nrhy;Yld;njhlq;Fk; ,r;rhrdk; tp[a efu Nguuru; tPu gpwjhg** ];uP rjhrptNjt kfhuhau; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; rhypthfd – rf tUlk; 1413,y; vOjg;ngw;wjhFk;.(,t;tUlk; Mq;fpy Mz;L fp.gp. 1491I Fwpg;gjhFk;).
mt;tUlkhdJ jkpopy; tpNujpfpUJ Mz;lhFk;. mjpy; Mb khjk; tsu; gpiwapy; mDr el;rj;jpuKk; vfhjhrp jpjpAk; cs;s jpq;fl;fpoikad;W ,r;rhrdk; vOjg; ngw;wjhff; Fwpg;G cs;sJ.
01. jpUg;GilA+u; ehL>
04. Nky; ts;Stg;gehL
02. ghrfu; Ful;Lg;gj;J
05. fupfhypehL
03. fPo; ts;Stg;gehL
06. M%u; ehL
Mfpa MW ehLfspy; thOk; Ntshsu;fs; ,ize;J “MWehl;L Ntshsu;fs;” ju;kkhfr; nra;j nfhilia gw;wp ,r;nrg;Ngl;Lr; rhrdk; tptupf;fpd;wJ.